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Perspective: Fisheries Management

Defining Overfished Stocks: Have We Lost the Plot?

Pages 113-120 | Published online: 09 Jan 2011
 

Abstract

In recent years, there has been increasing emphasis on prevention of overfishing and agencies such as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration now report the proportion of stocks that are overfished as a primary indicator of the agencies' performance. Almost all national and international legislation makes specific reference to maximum sustainable yield (MSY) and most definitions of overfishing are related in some way to achievement of MSY. We show that many of the definitions of overfishing now being adopted by fisheries agencies are increasingly unrelated to achievement of MSY and have become, to a great extent, arbitrary. We argue that overfishing definitions and management targets are generally better based on levels of historical stock size rather than the growing trend to setting targets in relation to theoretical unfished stock sizes.

Resumen

Recientemente se le ha dado especial énfasis a la prevención de la sobrepesca y agencias como la Nacional de Administración Oceánica y Atmosférica reportan como su principal indicador de desempeño, la proporción de stocks sobreexplotados. Casi toda la legislación existente, nacional e internacional, hace referencia específica al Rendimiento Máximo Sostenible (RMS) y la mayor parte de las definiciones de sobrepesca se relacionan de alguna forma a la adquisición de dicho nivel de rendimiento. En la presente contribución se muestra que muchas de las definiciones de sobrepesca que adoptan las agencias de pesquerías, se alejan cada vez más del nivel de RMS y que se han convertido, en buena medida, en algo arbitrario. Se discute que las definiciones de sobrepesca y objetivos de manejo generalmente tienen una mejor base en los niveles históricos del tamaño del stock que en la tendencia creciente de establecerlos en relación al tamaño teórico del stock en estado virgen.

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