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Abstract
Notes
1 B 40% is equal to 0.4·B 0, that is, to 40% of the absolute unexploited population size. Note that F 40% is the fishing mortality rate that reduces spawning potential per recruit to 40% of that in the unfished condition. If recruitment is unaffected by fishing, a population will approach B 40% when fished at F 40%; however, if recruitment declines due to fishing (a plausible scenario), the population will approach a biomass equilibrium that is somewhat less than B 40%.