Genistein and resveratrol: mammary cancer chemoprevention and mechanisms of action in the rat

Abstract

The environment, including diet, plays a critical role in a woman’s subsequent risk of breast cancer. Two dietary polyphenols that have received attention from the health and research communities for their ability to protect against breast cancer are: genistein, a component of soy; and resveratrol, a phytoalexin found in red grapes and red wine. We and others have shown that both genistein and resveratrol can protect against mammary cancer in rodents. The timing of exposure to genistein appears critical for its mammary protective effects. It has been reported that genistein early in life causes enhanced mammary gland differentiation, alterations in cell proliferation and apoptosis, and upregulation of tumor-suppressor genes. With resveratrol in the diet, changes in cell proliferation and apoptosis in terminal ductal structures of the mammary gland might help to explain its protective effects. We conclude that genistein and resveratrol can protect against breast cancer by regulating important mammary growth and differentiation pathways.

Keywords::

• chemoprevention
• genistein
• mammary cancer
• resveratrol

Acknowledgement

We acknowledge DOD BC 043793, National Institute of Health (NIH)/ National Cancer Institute 1 R01 CA61742 and NIH P20 CA93753–01 for grant support, and Jun Wang, Michelle Cotroneo, Wayne Fritz, Craig Rowell, Isam Eltoum and Mark Carpenter who have significantly contributed to this body of work.