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Abstract
Healthcare costs in the USA continue to rise faster than the consumer price index. Nothing demonstrates this more vividly than the double-digit increases posted for the cost of the drug treatment of the oncology patient. A factor that will compound this cost is the expansion in the oncology patient population that will occur as the population ages. Pharmacoeconomics is a discipline that evaluates the relationship between clinical, economic and humanistic outcomes to determine the products and services that maximize the value for each dollar spent. Research in this area is evolving to meet the needs of the individual patient and decision-makers within a payer group, healthcare system, or society. Healthcare interests in countries in Europe, Canada and Australia have already adopted analytical tools and incorporated them into guidelines for drug use. The USA is also moving in this direction now that the Food and Drug Administration is considering requiring studies in pharmacoeconomics in addition to the standard studies of the safety and efficacy of drugs. The importance of this approach to oncology will be seen as policy-makers apply research findings to practice decisions.