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Abstract
Given the lack of evidence from randomized controlled trials and large prospective studies, controversy exists regarding the optimal treatment strategy for early stage prostate cancer. The impact of various treatments on health-related quality of life has become an increasingly important but controversial issue. The literature on health-related quality of life following brachytherapy, an increasingly used treatment option that can have short- and long-term side effects influencing patient health-related quality of life is reviewed. Urinary, bowel and sexual health-related quality of life issues related to this treatment are addressed. The authors findings suggest that brachytherapy with or without external beam radiotherapy and/or hormonal treatment has a considerable impact on short-term health-related quality of life but this impact diminishes in the long-term. However, in certain subgroups of patients, brachytherapy has long-term effects on bowel, bladder and sexual function. Clinicians should ensure that patients are aware of these consequences on long-term health-related quality of life.