Recognition and treatment of anemia in the setting of heart failure due to systolic left ventricular dysfunction

Abstract

Anemia is increasingly recognized as a common, important and treatable condition in patients with congestive heart failure. Despite increasing knowledge of anemia, as well as its coassociation with chronic renal disease, advanced New York Heart Association class and worse prognosis, there are very few evidence-based recommendations for treatment. The use of supplemental iron, especially intravenous forms, for the treatment of iron-deficiency anemia in heart failure patients is associated with improved symptoms, cardiac size and function, and possibly improved outcomes. However, many patients with heart failure suffer from anemia due to other causes, including renal failure (so-called cardiorenal syndrome), erythropoietin resistance, possible ACE inhibitor use and extracellular fluid expansion. The association between anemia and adequate iron stores has led to interest in the use of erythrocyte-stimulating agents, such as erythropoietin and darbepoetin. While early data are promising, recent evidence in non-heart failure trials has led to caution in their use and given way to anticipation of results of ongoing definitive randomized trials of this therapy, such as the Trial to Reduce Cardiovascular Events with Aranesp Therapy (TREAT) and Reduction of Events with Darbepoetin-α in Heart Failure (RED-HF) studies.

Keywords::

• anemia
• darbepoetin
• erythrocyte-stimulating agent
• erythropoietin
• heart failure
• iron
• renal dysfunction

Financial & competing interests disclosure

Jonathan G Howlett is a member of the RED-HF Steering committee and receives compensation for this. The author has also received honoraria from Amgen Inc. and Ortho Biotech (a subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson Inc.). The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

Notes

HF: Heart failure.