Diagnosis and management of malignant tumors of the eyelid, conjunctiva and orbit

Abstract

Ocular adnexal tumors are relatively rare but require unique diagnostic and treatment considerations given the functional importance of the eye and periocular structures and their unique metastatic behavior. In the following paper, we review the major malignant tumors of the ocular adnexa including the eyelid, conjunctiva and orbit. Frozen section control of the margins and, in selected cases, Mohs microsurgery have decreased the recurrence rate in malignant eyelid tumors. Intraoperative cryotherapy and postoperative topical mitomycin C have similarly contributed to better surgical outcomes in conjunctival malignant tumors including squamous cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma. Immunotherapy with CD20 antibodies is a developing treatment in ocular adnexal lymphomas.

Keywords::

• Burkitt's lymphoma
• conjunctival primary acquired melanosis and melanoma
• Kaposi's sarcoma
• lymphoid tumor
• metastatic eyelid tumor
• metastatic orbital tumor
• secondary orbital tumor

Financial & competing interests disclosure

The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscipt.