Microvesicles as risk markers for venous thrombosis

Abstract

Microvesicles (MVs) are small (0.1–1 µm) membrane vesicles released from activated cells. The surface of MVs can be highly procoagulant due to the presence of the procoagulant protein tissue factor (TF) and of negatively charged phospholipids, such as phosphatidylserine. This review focuses on the potential utility of plasma MVs as a biomarker of venous thrombosis. The majority of studies have not found a clear relationship between venous thrombosis and phosphatidylserine-positive MVs or platelet MVs. Conversely, TF-positive MVs are increased in patients with venous thromboembolism. Studies with pancreatic cancer patients suggest that elevated levels of TF-positive MVs may be predictive of the development of venous thrombosis and patient survival. However, further studies are needed to determine if TF-positive MVs are a good biomarker for venous thrombosis in cancer and other diseases.

Keywords::

• biomarker
• coagulation
• deep vein thrombosis
• microparticle
• microvesicle
• pulmonary embolism
• tissue factor

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Julia Geddings for critical reading of the manuscript.

Financial & competing interests disclosure

P-E Rautou was supported by the Philippe Foundation and is currently supported by an American Heart Association Mid-Atlantic postdoctoral fellowship (12POST11970008). This work was supported by a grant (HL095096) (N Mackman) from the NIH. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.