Thyroid-related orbitopathy: a multidisciplinary perspective

Sang-Rog Oh Division of Oculofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shiley Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Thyroid Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Division of Oculofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shiley Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Thyroid Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA

Ayelet Priel Division of Oculofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shiley Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Thyroid Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Division of Oculofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shiley Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Thyroid Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA

David B Granet Thyroid Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Thyroid Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA

Leah Levi Thyroid Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Thyroid Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA

Bobby S Korn Division of Oculofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shiley Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Thyroid Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Division of Oculofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shiley Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Thyroid Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA

Don O Kikkawa Division of Oculofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shiley Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Thyroid Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA;[email protected]

Abstract

Advances in immunologic and genetic research have revealed a newer understanding of the pathophysiology of thyroid-related orbitopathy. In addition, oxidative stress and its deleterious effects may contribute to the progression of thyroid-related orbitopathy. Yet clear perception of its risk factors and exact etiology have not been fully appreciated. Targeted medical and surgical therapies have allowed for better treatment and rehabilitation from this unremitting disease. However, a universal clinical assessment tool and protocol would greatly improve referral patterns to specialists and aid in clinical study outcome measures. Like other systemic disease processes, a multidisciplinary approach allows optimal care for patients in all stages of thyroid-related orbitopathy.

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Financial & competing interests disclosure

The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

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Thyroid-related orbitopathy: a multidisciplinary perspective

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