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Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by a reduced life expectancy mainly due to cardiovascular disease. In long-standing disease, it has been widely demonstrated that both traditional cardiovascular risk and disease-related factors, including chronic inflammation and immune-mediated mechanisms, play a key role in accelerating atherosclerotic damage of the arterial wall. The short- and long-term effects of immunosuppressive treatment on cardiovascular disease outcome is, however, uncertain and a multidisciplinary approach appears to represent the best management of cardiovascular risk in these patients.
Financial & competing interests disclosure
The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.
No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.