Skip to Main Content

210

Views

22

CrossRef citations to date

0

Altmetric

Theme: Vascular Disease & Stroke - Review

Epidemiology, diagnosis and management of intracranial atherosclerotic disease

Jiann-Shing Jeng Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Stroke Center, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan;[email protected]

,

Sung-Chun Tang Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Stroke Center, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Stroke Center, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan

&

Hon-Man Liu Department of Radiology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Radiology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan

Abstract

Intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is a major cause of ischemic stroke, with higher occurrence rates in Asian, black and Hispanic individuals than in white individuals. Important risk factors for ICAD include age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. ICAD patients have a 10–20% annual risk of stroke, with greater risk in patients with high-grade stenosis (70–99%). Given the high risk of stroke recurrence in symptomatic ICAD patients, effective secondary prevention strategies are needed. Currently, there is no strong evidence supporting the use of anticoagulants in ICAD patients; antiplatelet drugs are still the preferred medication. Recently, angioplasty and stenting for ICAD has emerged as an alternative approach to medical treatment, owing to high technical success rates and low risk of periprocedural complications. However, the rate of in-stent restenosis is moderate, and the long-term benefit of endovascular treatment is not well established. High-quality randomized trials comparing angioplasty/stenting with the best medical therapy in ICAD patients are anticipated.

Keywords::

Financial & competing interests disclosure

The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.