Development of Parkinson’s disease biomarkers

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder, affecting over 6 million people worldwide. It is anticipated that the number of affected individuals may increase significantly in the most populous nations by 2030. During the past 20 years, much progress has been made in identifying and assessing various potential clinical, biochemical, imaging and genetic biomarkers for PD. Despite the wealth of information, development of a validated biomarker for PD is still ongoing. It is hoped that reliable and well-validated biomarkers will provide critical clues to assist in the diagnosis and management of Parkinson’s disease patients in the near future.

Keywords::

• biomarkers
• genomic
• motor
• neurochemical
• neuroimaging
• non-motor
• Parkinson’s disease

Acknowledgements

We are thankful for the support from Singapore General Hospital, National Neuroscience Institute, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Millennium Foundation and National Medical Research Council.

Financial & competing interests disclosure

The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.