Current challenges for the creation of effective vaccines against drugs of abuse

Amira Y Moreno Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and the Worm Institute of Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA

Kim D Janda Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and the Worm Institute of Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. [email protected]

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Financial & competing interests disclosure

The authors thank the financial support provided by NIDA (DA028847, DA025305, DA008590, DA026625 and DA024705) and the State of California Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program (20XT-0156). The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

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