Impact of Lifestyle Modification on Glycemic Control and Cognitive Function Among Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Abstract

Aim: Assessing impact of lifestyle modification on Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) glycemic control and cognitive function. Subjects & methods: Prospective study was conducted on T2DM patients (92 patients as interventional group and 92 patients conventional therapy). Results: After 6 months, significant improvements of HbA1c, oxidant and antioxidant, lipid profile, and cognitive function among only the interventional group (p < 0.05). Using logistic analysis, conventional therapy, DM duration >10 years, lower education, HbA1c baseline >7 were significant predictive risks for uncontrolled DM (AOR 4.2, 2.9, 2.7 and 2.2, respectively). While, conventional therapy, baseline mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and females were significant risks for MCI (AOR 11.5, 10.8 and 4.8, respectively). Conclusion: Lifestyle modification is a very important for glycemic control and cognitive function.

Clinical Trial Registration: NCT04891887 (ClinicalTrials.gov)

Plain Language Summary

The study aimed at assessing the effect of lifestyle modification program on Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. The program contents include maintaining healthy diet depending on glycemic index and CHO counting, adjusting cholesterol level, regular physical activity for at least 30 minutes; 3–5 days per week, weight loss and maintaining an appropriate weight, controlling the blood pressure, smoking cessation and practicing mental activity. After 6 months, there was a significant improvement in glycemic control, cognitive function, oxidant and antioxidant and lipid profile levels among patients participating in the program but not among those remained on the conventional therapy.

Graphical abstract

Keywords:

• cognitive function
• glycemic control
• lifestyle modification
• T2DM

Author contributions

Conceptualization: II Salama, SM Sami. Formal analysis: II Salama, SI Salama, GA Abdellatif and A Mohsen. Funding acquisition: II Salama. Laboratory analysis: H Rasmy and M Hamed Ibrahim. Study implementation and follow-up: II Salama, SM Sami, MM F Ganem, A Aboulghate, SE El Deeb, WA Fouad, HM Raslan, GA Abdellatif, A Mohsen, SI Salama, AM Abdelmohsen, LA El-Etreby and NA Ibrahim. Project administration: SM Sami. Supervision: II Salama, SM Sami, SE El Deeb, WA Fouad and SI Salama. Validation: MM F Ganem and HM Raslan. Writing – original draft: GA Abdellatif, A Aboulghate, SE El Deeb and A Mohsen. Writing – review & editing: II Salama, SM Sami, GA Abdellatif, A Aboulghate, SE El Deeb, A Mohsen, HM Raslan and SI Salama. Registration of the project in the ClinicalTrials.gov: II Salama and A Aboulghate.

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the studied participants for their enrollment in the project.

Financial & competing interests disclosure

This project is supported financially by the Science and Technology Development Fund (STDF), Egypt, grant no. 15026 and the STDF, Egypt, through Capacity Building program, under grant no. 4880. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

Ethical conduct of research

Ethical approval of the NRC ethical committee was obtained with registration no. 15131. Participants signed a written informed consent before being included in the study in accordance with the code of ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki) for experiments on humans. In addition, for investigations involving human subjects, informed consent has been obtained from the participants involved.