A Phenomenological Exploration of Experiences Related to Learning Styles Among Undergraduate Medical Students in a Barbadian Medical School

Abstract

Introduction

Learning style (LS) frameworks have been implemented by educators to promote participatory learning in order to strengthen learner engagement and to enhance learning outcomes. Self-efficacy has been shown to have an association with learning style and is a predictor of clinical performance and other qualities in medical students. This study examined the perspectives of second and final year medical students in a Caribbean-based medical school, relative to their learning approaches, teaching exposures and preparation for assessments.

Methods

An interpretivist qualitative approach was used to analyze data from two focus groups, conducted as part of a sequential mixed-methods study (November 2018-February 2019) with medical students in the second and final year of study. Discussions were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and inductively coded with in-depth thematic analysis assisted by NVivo software.

Results

Six Year 2 (Female: Male = 5:1) and seven Year 5 (Female: Male = 5:2) participants, ranging between 18 and 34 years and with a range of LS were recruited into the study. Analysis and data reduction produced three organizing themes: “Dynamics of information delivery and acquisition”, “Pivoting”, and “LS identification, awareness and mutability”, and the global construct “Individual and environmental factors modulate the influence of LS preference in triggering self-efficacy”. In managing information received in class, students used textbooks, YouTube videos, and collaborative learning to augment perceived gaps in lectures and their personal notes. Learning style self-awareness is useful for facilitating self-efficacy throughout medical school, especially at points of transition within the programme of study.

Conclusion

LS theory and testing appear to be useful for student and teacher awareness. In practice, honing students’ adaptability to varying learning settings may be more relevant in helping students achieve self-efficacy.

Keywords:

• self-efficacy
• VARK questionnaire
• focus group discussion
• pre-clinical and clinical education
• Caribbean

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the students who participated in the study, shared their experiences, and provided feedback.

Disclosure

Dr Md Anwarul Azim Majumder is the Editor-in-Chief of Advances in Medical Education and Practice. The other authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.