Perspectives of primary health care physicians on diagnosing and referring patients with apparent osteolytic lesions on plain X-ray films: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background and objectives

The identification and diagnosis of musculoskeletal symptoms are major challenges for primary care physicians. A lack of clinical suspicion, limited exposure, and referral of patients to nonspecialized centers can delay the management of cases, which in turn can increase morbidity and mortality.

Subjects and methods

Four different sets of X-ray films were shown to 91 primary health care physicians. The first two were normal, whereas the third and fourth showed bone lesions. Participants were asked to indicate the presence of an abnormality, the diagnosis, and the approach to referral if required.

Results

There was a variation in the results for the first two sets of normal X-ray films. Most participants (73.6%) were able to diagnose the first case correctly. However, 73.6% of participants were unable to diagnose the second case correctly. A high percentage of participants (90.1%) were able to detect abnormalities in Cases 3 and 4, with nearly all participants indicating that they would refer patients to centers other than bone oncology centers in the western region of Saudi Arabia if they suspected bone tumors. Only 25.8% of participants were aware of these bone oncology centers.

Conclusion

Physicians in many primary health care centers need practice in reading normal X-ray films to avoid unnecessary referral of patients to specialized medical centers. We recommend the development of a new system for referring patients suspected to have bone tumors to avoid a delay in the management of cases and to decrease morbidity and mortality.

Keywords:

• primary health care physicians
• diagnosis
• referral
• osteolytic
• lesion
• X-ray film

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Dr Zahid Altaf for his input on radiological opinions. Furthermore, the authors would like to thank the following people who helped with data collection: M Basuony, A Jalal, R Magliah, B Allugmani, M Albakri, J Alsaedi, M Shaheen, K Alhazmi, M Alhuthali, and A Alahmadi.

Disclosure

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.