https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3359-6950
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Abstract
Background
Atopic dermatitis (AD) interferes with quality of life and is influenced by important factors like skin microbiome. The results of the skin microbiome composition and diversity in AD varied in some studies.
Purpose
This study aims to determine the composition and diversity of the skin microbiome in Indonesian AD patients.
Patients and Methods
Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) preparations were obtained from skin swabs of the cubital fossa of 16 subjects, nine of which were having mild AD, three moderate AD, and four healthy individuals. DNA extraction and sequencing of the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene using next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were further performed.
Results
Firmicutes (p), Bacilli (c), Bacillales (o), Staphylococcaceae (f), and Staphylococcus (g) were dominant in moderate AD. On the contrary, Proteobacteria (p), Gammaproteobacteria (c), Pseudomonadales (o), Moraxellaceae (f), and Acinetobacter (g) were dominant in mild AD. Staphylococcus aureus was found in the highest number in individuals with moderate AD. Interestingly, Ensifer adhaerens was found in mild AD. Microbial diversity was decreased in moderate AD.
Conclusion
Metagenomic analysis in this study identified microbes in moderate and mild AD and showed a low diversity of skin microbiomes in moderate AD. Interestingly, this is the first time that the bacteria Ensifer adhaerens was detected on the human skin.
Acknowledgments
The Author would like to thank all of the staff Dermatology and Venereology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran – Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital.
Disclosure
The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.