Estimating glomerular filtration rates in elderly Chinese patients with chronic kidney disease: performance of six modified formulae developed in Asian populations

Abstract

Objectives

The aim of the present study was to evaluate modified glomerular filtration rate (GFR) prediction formulae in an elderly Chinese population with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods

A total of 378 elderly Chinese patients with CKD were enrolled. The GFR was estimated with six modified GFR prediction formulae. The performances of the estimated GFRs were compared with those of the standard GFRs measured by technetium-99m diethyl-enetraminepentaacetic acid.

Results

Biases were similar for Chinese formula 1, the Asian formula, and Chinese formula 2 (median difference, 2.22 mL/min/1.73 m² and 2.59 mL/min/1.73 m² for Chinese formula 1 and the Asian formula, respectively, versus (vs) 3.69 mL/min/1.73 m² for Chinese formula 2 [P = 0.298 and P = 0.913, respectively]). Precision was improved with the Japanese formula (interquartile range of the difference, 3.14 mL/min/1.73 m² of the Japanese formula versus 15.53–23.06 mL/min/1.73 m² of the other formulae). The accuracy of Chinese formula 2 was the highest (30% accuracy, 59.3% vs range 37.8–54.0% [P < 0.05 for all comparisons]). However, none of the modified formulae surpassed the acceptable tolerance (>70%), and the GFR category misclassification rates for all the formulae exceeded 50%.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that all six modified formulae developed in Asian populations may show great bias in elderly Chinese patients with CKD. Also, our study suggests the need for uniform measures for the assessment of CKD in the elderly to guarantee better sensitivity and specificity.

Keywords:

• formula
• CKD
• Asian
• GFR

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank all the doctors, nurses, technicians, and patients involved in this study for their cooperation. We would also like to thank Dr David Cushley from International Science Editing, Clare, Ireland, for assistance with the English version of the article.

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81070612). This work was also supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No 201104335), Guangdong Science and Technology Plan (Grant No 2011B031800084), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No 11ykpy38), and the National Project of Scientific and Technical Supporting Programs Funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No 2011BAI10B05).

Disclosure

The authors declare no conflicts of interest in this work.