An exploratory intervention study suggests clinical benefits of training in chronic stroke to be paralleled by changes in brain activity using repeated fMRI

Abstract

Purpose

Previous studies demonstrated changes in sensorimotor network activation over time after stroke that have been interpreted as partly compensatory. Locomotor and balance trainings may improve both mobility and cognition even in chronic stroke and thereby impact on cerebral activation patterns. We here aimed at testing these assumptions in an exploratory study to inform subsequent larger intervention studies.

Patients and methods

Eight patients (73.3±4.4 years) with a chronic lacunar stroke (mean interval 3.7 years after the acute event with a range from 2 to 4 years) and residual leg paresis leading to gait disturbance received a guided 5-week training focusing on mobility, endurance, and coordination. Before and afterward, they underwent clinical, neuropsychological, and gait assessments and brain MRI at 3 T including a functional ankle movement paradigm. Sixteen healthy controls (HCs; 68.8±5.4 years) followed the same protocol without intervention.

Results

After training, patients had improved in mobility, memory, and delayed recall of memory. While cerebral activations in HC remained completely unaltered, patients showed increased activations in the right precentral gyrus, the right and left superior frontal gyri, and the right frontal lobe, with bipedal ankle movements after training.

Conclusion

In this exploratory study of chronic stroke, we found not only significant effects of physical training on mobility but also distinct aspects of cognition already with a small number of highly selected patients. These improvements were paralleled by alterations in cerebral activity possibly reflecting neuronal plasticity. Larger studies including randomization are needed.

Keywords:

• mobility
• cognition
• lacunar stroke
• training
• rehabilitation
• neuronal plasticity

Acknowledgments

Part of this study was funded by a project of the country of Styria (project ID 4321) called “Untersuchungen zu den Effekten eines Trainings von Gang und Gleichgewicht auf Gehirnfunktion im Alter – Einblicke anhand der funktionellen Magnetresonanztomographie (fMRT)”. The authors thank Karin Brodtrager for technical support and all involved persons from the Albert Schweitzer Clinic Graz, especially Antonella de Campo, MD; Martin Petio; and Katrin Glänzer. Deepest gratitude goes to all participants of this study.

Disclosure

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.