“What are my chances of developing COPD if one of my parents has the disease?” A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence of co-occurrence of COPD diagnosis in parents and offspring

Abstract

Introduction

Intergenerational associations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been well recognized and may result from genetic, gene environment, or exposure to life course factors. Consequently, adult offspring of parents with COPD may be at a greater risk of developing COPD. The aim of this study was to review the prevalence of co-occurrence of COPD in adult offspring with one or both parents having COPD independent of specific genetic variations.

Methods

In total, five databases were searched for original studies in which prevalence of COPD was reported in both offspring (children) and one or both parents. Studies were excluded if COPD was not clearly defined, COPD was linked to specific genetic variations, COPD was combined with other chronic respiratory conditions, or estimates included other first-degree relatives. Data extraction (ie, sample characteristics, prevalence of COPD, and odds ratio [OR] if reported) was completed by two independent reviewers. A meta-analysis of prevalence and OR was conducted, where possible.

Results

Of the 3,382 citations, 129 full texts were reviewed to include eight studies (six case–control, one cross-sectional, and one cohort) reflecting either prevalence of COPD in offspring of parents with COPD (descendent approach, n=3), which ranged from 0% to 17.3%, or prevalence of people with COPD reporting positive parental history of COPD (antecedent approach, n=5), for which the pooled prevalence was 28.6%. Offspring of people with COPD had 1.57 times greater odds (95% confidence interval =1.29–1.93; P<0.001) of having COPD compared with people not having a parental history of COPD.

Conclusion

The prevalence of COPD in adult offspring of people with COPD is greater than population-based estimates, and the ORs indicate a higher risk in this group. This offers clinicians a potential strategy for opportunistic screening, early identification, and intervention in this at-risk group.

Keywords:

• COPD
• intergenerational
• prevalence
• systematic review

Supplementary materials

Table S1 Data extraction table

Table S2 Methodology quality assessment of the included studies

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Acknowledgments

This systematic review abstract was presented at the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand Annual Scientific Meeting (April 1–5, 2016) in Perth, Australia (poster). This project received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Author contributions

All the authors (LSKL, CP, KJ, and MTW) contributed substantially to the study design, data collection, data analysis and interpretation, and the writing and critical revision of the manuscript.

Disclosure

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.