The prevalence and determinants of poor glycemic control among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Background

Although the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is rising sharply in Saudi Arabia, data on glycemic control, crucial to reducing diabetes mellitus complications, remain scarce. This study therefore investigated glycemic control status and the factors influencing poor glycemic control among adult T2DM patients in Saudi Arabia.

Methods

This cross-sectional study examined 423 T2DM patients at a diabetic center in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia between September 2016 and July 2017. Glycemic levels were measured via fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, and “poor glycemic control” was defined as FBG >130 mg/dL. Poor glycemic control’s risk factors were identified using a logistic regression.

Results

In the sample, 74.9% of the patients had poor blood glycemic control. Logistic regression revealed that T2DM patients had an increased chance of poorly controlled diabetes if they had family histories of diabetes (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =7.38, 95% CI 4.09–13.31), longer diabetic durations (AOR =2.33, 95% CI 1.14–4.78 for 5–10 years and AOR =5.19, 95% CI 2.50–10.69 for >10 years), insufficient physical exercise (AOR =19.02, 95% CI 6.23–58.06), or were overweight (AOR =3.79, 95% CI 2.00–7.18), or obese (AOR =5.35, 95% CI 2.72–12.59).

Conclusion

A high proportion of the sampled patients had poor glycemic control, therefore, health care professionals should manage the associated risk factors to limit disease complications and improve the health of patients with diabetes.

Keywords:

• type 2 diabetes
• glycemic control
• Saudi Arabia

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to acknowledge the funding they received for this research from the Deanship of Scientific Research at the University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (grant number S/1437-0036).

Author contributions

Riyadh A Alzaheb and Abdullah H Altemani designed this research. Abdullah H Altemani set the study protocol and performed the fieldwork and Riyadh A Alzaheb analyzed the data collected during the study. The two authors collaborated in interpreting the results and establishing the findings, and drafted, checked, finalized, and approved the manuscript together.

Disclosure

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.