Phocea, Pseudoflavonifractor and Lactobacillus intestinalis: Three Potential Biomarkers of Gut Microbiota That Affect Progression and Complications of Obesity-Induced Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explore the difference and association between intestinal microbiota and plasma metabolomics between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and normal group and to identify potential microbiota biomarkers that contribute the most to the difference in metabolites.

Methods

Six male ZDF model (fa/fa) rats were fed by a Purina #5008 Lab Diet (crude protein 23.5%, crude fat 6.5%) for 3 weeks and their age-matched 6 ZDF control (fa/+) rats were fed by normal rodent diet. Their stool and blood samples were collected at 12 weeks. To analyze the microbial populations in these samples, we used a 16S rRNA gene sequencing approach. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) followed by multivariate statistical analysis was applied to the plasma metabolites profiling. Correlation analysis of them was calculated by Pearson statistical method.

Results

Twelve potential biomarkers of intestinal microbial flora and 357 differential metabolites were found in ZDF fa/fa rats, among which there are three flora that contributed the most to the perturbation of metabolites, including genus Phocea, Pseudoflavonifractor and species Lactobacillus intestinalis.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates the alterations of the abundance and diversity of the intestinal microbiota and the perturbation of metabolites in ZDF rats (fa/fa). We found three potential biomarkers of intestinal microbiota that may lead to perturbation in plasma metabolites. This may prompt new pathogenesis of obesity-related T2DM, but we also need to study further about the causal relationship between intestinal microbe and T2DM, so as to find the target of T2DM treatment or preventive measures.

Keywords:

• type 2 diabetes mellitus
• Zucker diabetic fatty rats
• 16S rRNA sequencing
• intestinal microbiota
• plasma metabolomics

Ethics Statement

All protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Management and Ethics Committee of Shandong University (License No: SYXK 20150015). The animal welfare followed in this study was guideline for ethical review of animal welfare in the People’s Republic of China.

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (IRT_17R68) and The Open Project of Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, No. 2.

Disclosure

Yuxin Wang, Xibao Gao, Chunyang Fu, and Xiaodong He report grants from Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China and People’s Government of Shandong Province during the conduct of the study. The authors report no other conflicts of interest in this work.