Diabetes mellitus and risk factors in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals at Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia

Abstract

Background

Globally, diabetes is rising dramatically causing high health burden in low- and middle-income countries. It is estimated that about 382 million people had diabetes in 2013. In 2013, diabetes caused 5.1 million deaths globally. Almost 80% of diabetes deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries.

Purpose

To assess the magnitude of diabetes mellitus (DM) and associated risk factors in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals.

Methods

An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May 2014 at Jimma University Specialized Hospital. Convenient sampling technique was implemented. Sociodemographic and anthropometric data were collected by senior clinical nurses. Venous blood was collected from each study participant. Serum glucose and lipid profile of the study participants was measured using HumaStar 80 spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were utilized.

Results

A total of 393 HIV-infected individuals of age ranging from 21 years to 75 years had enrolled in this study. The overall prevalence of DM in this study was 6.4% (n=25). Two hundred and ninety-one (74%) and 77 (19.6%) of the study participants had normal (70–110 mg/dL) and impaired (111–125 mg/dL) fasting blood glucose values, respectively. After adjusting for the other variables, age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =4.812, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.668–13.881, P=0.004), duration of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) (AOR =26.928, 95% CI: 3.722–194.822, P=0.001), hypertension (AOR =4.779, 95% CI: 1.646–13.874, P=0.004), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (AOR =5.669, 95% CI: 1.849–17.382, P=0.004) were significantly associated with DM.

Conclusion

HAART may have an impact on the cause of diabetes. Hence, HIV-infected individuals should be screened for diabetes, both before and after initiation of HAART.

Keywords:

• diabetes mellitus
• human immunodeficiency virus
• Jimma
• Ethiopia

Acknowledgments

We thank Jimma University for funding this research. We are thankful to the staffs of JUSH comprehensive chronic care and training center for their support during data collection. We are grateful to the study participants of this study. We are thankful to Mr Melkam Tesfaye for his support in the clinical specimen analysis.

Author contributions

All authors contributed toward data analysis, drafting and revising the paper and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

Disclosure

The authors declare that there is no competing interest.