Metabolic syndrome and associated factors among outpatients of Jimma University Teaching Hospital

Abstract

Background

Developing countries are now experiencing the epidemiologic transition, whereby the burden of chronic diseases, like metabolic syndrome, is increasing. However, no study had previously been conducted to show the status of metabolic syndrome among outpatients of Jimma University Teaching Hospital. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and associated factors among adult (≥20 years) patients.

Methods

A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted in July 2014 among adult (≥20 years) patients attending Jimma University Teaching Hospital, outpatient department. All patients attending the outpatient department and were willing to participate in the study were included. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were undertaken for all the study subjects to know the status of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome was identified using the National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel III criteria.

Results

A total of 225 participants were included in the study, of whom 106 (47.1%) were males and 119 (52.9%) were females. A total of 59 (26%) adults were found to have metabolic syndrome, which was seen more than twice as much in females, 42 (35%), as compared with males, 17 (16%), (P<0.01). The most frequent metabolic syndrome parameters were hypertension (45%), hyperglycemia (39%), decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (31%), central obesity (26%), and elevated triglycerides (18%). Elevated blood pressure is more common in females (44.5%) than in males (34.9%). Decreased HDL-cholesterol was observed among 37% of females versus 24% males (P<0.001) and 6% of males versus 45% females had central obesity (P<0.001). Hypertension and body mass index were significantly lower among males (35% and 14%) than females (45% and 41%) (P<0.01 and P<0.001), respectively.

Conclusion

It is demonstrated that metabolic syndrome is prevalent in adult outpatients in Jimma and increases as age increases; it is more common among females than males. Among the five diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and low HDL-cholesterol were the most prevalent. As metabolic syndrome is rising at an alarming rate, we recommend that relevant prevention, diagnostics, and therapy in adult outpatients are undertaken.

Keywords:

• metabolic syndrome
• Jimma
• outpatients
• high-density lipoprotein
• obesity

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Jimma University for the financial support. Their appreciation also goes to the study participants for their willingness and the data collectors. The authors would also like to thank Desta Hiko, Ahmed Zeinudin, Wondimagegn Addisu, and Tsigereda Limenih for their unreserved assistance.

Author contributions

EA designed the study, developed protocol, supervised data collection and data entry, conducted the data analysis, and wrote the manuscript. LH, FT, and WC participated in the formulation of the study design, participated in protocol development, reviewed the data analysis, and contributed to revising the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

Disclosure

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.