Hematological indices and their correlation with fasting blood glucose level and anthropometric measurements in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia

Abstract

Background

Diabetes mellitus is (DM) a global public health problem and a complex disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia that leads to long-term macrovascular and microvascular complications. Recent studies have reported the role of hematological indices in contributing to the vascular injury in diabetic patients. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine hematological indices and their correlation with fasting blood glucose level and anthropometric measurement in type 2 DM patients in comparison with healthy controls.

Methods

A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at the chronic illness clinic of Gondar University Hospital from February to April 2015. A total of 296 participants (148 cases and 148 healthy controls) were selected using systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire. Fasting blood glucose levels and hematological indices were determined by using Bio Systems A25 and Sysmex-KX 21N analyzers, respectively. Independent sample t-test, Mann–Whitney U-test, and correlation statistics were used. A P-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Result

There was significant difference in red blood cell distribution width (47.3±2.6 fL vs 45.2±3 fL) between diabetic patients and controls. Total white blood cells in 10³/µL (6.59±1.42 vs 5.56±1.38), absolute lymphocyte count in 10³/µL (2.60±0.70 vs 2.04±0.63), and absolute neutrophil count in 10³/µL (3.57±1.46 vs 3.11±1.04) increased significantly in diabetic patients compared with controls, respectively. Among platelet indices, mean platelet volume (10.4±1.1 fL vs 9.9±1.1 fL) and platelet distribution width (14.5±2.1 fL vs 13.4 ±2.1 fL) were found to be significantly increased in the diabetic patients (P<0.05). Anthropometric measurements significantly correlated with white blood cell and platelet indices.

Conclusion

The study showed statistically significant difference in some hematological parameters of diabetic patients compared to controls. Thus, hematological indices could be useful indicators of vascular complication and glycemic control in type 2 DM patients.

Keywords:

• Ethiopia
• fasting blood glucose
• Gondar
• hematological indices
• type 2 diabetes mellitus

Acknowledgments

We are very grateful to the University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, and School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences for their technical and financial support of this study. We would also like to thank all the study participants for their voluntary participation. Finally, we would like to thank staff members of Gondar University Hospital laboratory for their cooperation during data collection.

Author contributions

BB designed and implemented the study, collected data, undertook statistical analysis, performed data interpretation, and drafted the manuscript. MA, SMA, and MM participated in data analysis and data interpretation and reviewed the manuscript. All authors contributed toward data analysis, drafting, and critically revising the paper and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

Disclosure

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.