Prevalence of old age hypertension and associated factors among older adults in rural Ethiopia

Abstract

Background

Older adults are disproportionately affected by hypertension, which is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Despite these facts, little information is available with regard to old age hypertension in Ethiopia. Thus, this study assessed old age hypertension and associated factors among older adults in rural Ethiopia.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed among 418 selected permanent residents of Chiro town aged 50 years and older using simple random sampling technique. Data were collected face to face using a structured questionnaire which is adapted from the WHO Stepwise approach to surveillance of non communicable disease instrument, and was used to collect data on risk factors. Physical measurements were taken as per WHO STEP guidelines. The data were entered into Epi Data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS Version 20 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis were conducted and statistical significance was declared at a p-value ≤0.05.

Results

The overall prevalence of old age hypertension was 41.9% (95% CI: 37.2–46.6). Age ≥70 years (AOR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.12–3.27), low intake of fruits (AOR: 2.45; 95% CI: 1.55–3.86), overweight/obese (AOR: 4.29; 95% CI: 2.48–7.42) and family history of hypertension (AOR: 2.95; 95% CI: 1.70–5.12) were significantly associated risk factors of hypertension.

Conclusion

The prevalence of hypertension among older adults was high. Older age ≥70 years, low intake of fruits, overweight/obese and having a family history of hypertension were significantly associated with hypertension. Consideration should be given for community-based screening of hypertension among older adults. In addition, fruit consumption habits and maintaining normal weight should be encouraged.

Keywords:

• old age hypertension
• prevalence
• Ethiopia

Acknowledgment

We are grateful to the study participants who participated into this study. This project was privately funded.

Ethical statement

Ethical clearance was obtained from the Research and Ethical Review Board of Jimma University and a permission letter was obtained from Chiro town health office, Ethiopia. We also confirm that the study was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration. Informed verbal consent was obtained from each study participant and approved by the Ethical Review Board of Jimma University. The patients were also informed for confidentiality of the information by use of codes instead of any personal identifiers.

Data availability

Data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Author contributions

All authors contributed toward data analysis, drafting and critically revising the paper, gave final approval of the version to be published, and agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

Disclosure

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.