Environmental Monitoring of Parvovirus B19 in the Kidney Transplantation Ward of a Chinese Teaching Hospital

Abstract

Purpose

Parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection is a viral threat after kidney transplantation. It is mainly transmitted by close-contact inhalation of aerosolized viral particles. The risk of nosocomial spread of B19V in the transplantation ward is quite high. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of routine disinfection and the effectiveness of isolation measures in the wards of B19V-infected kidney transplant recipients.

Patients and Methods

Throat swab samples of 19 kidney transplant recipients admitted to the isolation ward and three healthcare workers (HCWs) were collected for viral DNA detection. Routine disinfection procedures were performed twice a day in general and B19V isolation wards. Environmental surface and air samples were collected for viral DNA detection before and after disinfection.

Results

A total of four patients were diagnosed with B19V infection and transferred to the B19V isolation ward, of which only two had positive throat swab samples. The other 15 patients and all HCWs tested negative for B19V. A total of 88 environmental surface and air samples were collected. Eight of the environmental samples collected in the B19V isolation ward before disinfection tested positive for B19V, while one sample tested positive after disinfection. In the general wards, all environmental samples collected before disinfection tested negative for B19V. All 24 samples collected from ambient air, whether in B19V isolation or general wards, before or after disinfection, tested negative for B19V.

Conclusion

Existing methods of routine or terminal disinfection for air and object surfaces were effective in eliminating B19V from object surfaces and ambient air in the isolation and general wards. Material surfaces that are exposed to high frequency and easily contaminated by blood, body fluids, and indoor air were the focus of cleaning and disinfection. Nosocomial cross-infection of other immunocompromised patients and HCWs can be avoided if appropriate prevention and control measures are taken.

Keywords:

• parvovirus B19
• B19V
• kidney transplantation ward
• isolation
• disinfection

Ethical Approval and Consent to Participate

Written informed consent was obtained from all the patients involved in this study. All kidneys were donated voluntarily with written informed consent during the upfront diagnosis and treatment process, which was carried out in accordance with the Istanbul Declaration. This study was approved by the local ethics committees of the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank all medical staff in the kidney transplantation ward (Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China) for their excellent technical support and kindly suggestions.

Author Contributions

FW, SY, HF, PH collected samples and performed laboratory measurements. FW and QZ collated and analyzed the data. FW and QZ drafted the article. TQ and ZZ made substantial contributions to the study’s conception and design and made a critical revision to the article. All the authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript. All authors contributed to data analysis, drafting, or revising the article, have agreed on the journal to which the article will be submitted, gave final approval of the version to be published, and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

Disclosure

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by A Project Supported by the Scientific Research Fund of the Zhejiang Provincial Education Department (Y202146838).