A Cross-Sectional Analysis to Assess the Role of Atopy in Keratoconus Among Saudi Population

Abstract

Background

In cases of atopy, IgE antibodies are formed in reaction to certain environmental factors like house dust mites, pollen, or even food allergens. Some studies have shown an association between atopic diseases and keratoconus. This study aims to determine the prevalence of atopy and its associated factors among keratoconus patients.

Materials and Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among the Jazan population attending ophthalmology clinics regardless of their sex. Data collection started in August 2020 and finished in mid-June 2021. The sample was selected using the convenience sampling technique, and the total sample size was 83 participants. Data were collected via a questionnaire-based interview that contained 46 questions in the Arabic language. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS software.

Results

Family history is the leading predisposing factor for keratoconus (P < 0.001). Also, eye rubbing was a significant (P < 0.015) trigger for keratoconus. However, other factors, including demographic factors such as gender and atopic conditions, did not have any significant association.

Conclusion

A combination of genetic and environmental factors is the leading cause of the development of keratoconus; however, family history is the most influential factor, followed by eye rubbing.

Keywords:

• atopic disease
• keratoconus
• prevalence
• risk factor
• Jazan
• Saudi Arabia

View correction statement:

A Cross-Sectional Analysis to Assess the Role of Atopy in Keratoconus Among Saudi Population [Corrigendum]

Significance of the Research

The research was considered as a database for this type of research so as to identify the risk factors to avoid them and improve treatment in the future.

Data Sharing Statement

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate

This study complies with the Declaration of Helsinki and was performed according to ethics committee approval from The Institute Review Board (IRB) of Jazan Hospital (Approval number: No. 2052 dated 08/12/2020). Additionally, consent forms were obtained from all participants or parents/legal guardians of participants under 18 years, and they were informed that the participation is totally voluntary and they can withdraw at any time.

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to all participating patients and their families. We would like to acknowledge the contributions of all personnel at the Department of Ophthalmology, located at prince Mohammad bin Nasser Hospital, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.

Disclosure

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Additional information

Funding

The authors confirmed that this research received no specific grant or funding.