https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2370-1390
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Abstract
Purpose
The presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. In this study, CVD risk was calculated among individuals with newly diagnosed MetS using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and Globorisk Score. The FRS and Globorisk score are particularly relevant in predicting CVD risk as these scores include key MetS-related risk factors like blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and age.
Patients and Methods
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted at various sites in Karachi, Pakistan, from February 2022 to August 2022. Newly diagnosed cases of MetS with no physical disability, known illness, and not taking any regular medication were recruited. MetS was defined based on the definition of International Diabetes Federation. The major outcome was 10-year risk for CVD using the FRS and Globorisk Score.
Results
Of 304 patients, 59.2% were classified as low risk according to FRS, while 20.4% were classified as moderate and high risk each. Using the Globorisk score, 44.6% of 224 patients were classified as low risk, 34.4% as moderate risk, and 21.0% as high risk. A moderate positive correlation was observed between the two CVD risk scores (r = 0.651, 95% CI 0.58–0.71). Both risk scores have reported age, gender, and current smokers as significant risk factors in predicting CVD in 10-years (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
The outcome of both CVD risk scores predicted moderate-to-high risk of CVD in 10-years in almost half of the newly diagnosed patients with MetS. In particular, the risk of development of CVD in 10-years in newly diagnosed MetS is higher with increasing age, in male gender, and current smokers.
Ethics Statement
The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and all procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee of Dow University of Health Sciences (IRB-2332/DUHS/Approval/2021/670). All participants received and signed an informed consent form.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the research assistants of Student Taskforce for Education & Public Health (STEP) of Primary Care Diabetes Association (PCDA) Pakistan who contributed by recruiting participants and assistance in data collection and entering of the data. Furthermore, we would like to thank all participants who took part in this study.
Disclosure
Dr. Kashif Shafique, Mr. Syed Omair Adil and Dr. Fareed Uddin report grants from Sindh Higher Education Commission and PharmEvo Research Forum, during the conduct of the study. The author reports no other conflicts of interest in this work.