Association Between ALDH2 Polymorphisms and the Risk of Diabetes Mellitus in Hypertensive Patients

Abstract

Background

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) polymorphisms have been extensively studied in patients with hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM) in recent years. However, it is unclear whether ALDH2 polymorphisms are correlated with the risk of developing DM in patients with HTN. This study was designed to examine the association between ALDH2 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs671 and the risks of DM in patients with HTN.

Methods

This study retrospectively analyzed the patients with HTN who were treated in Meizhou People’s Hospital from August 2016 to December 2020, 788 HTN patients with DM as case patients, and 1632 HTN patients without DM history as controls. ALDH2 polymorphisms were analyzed using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-gene chip. Differences in ALDH2 genotypes between subjects and controls were compared. To analyze the relationship between ALDH2 genotype and DM risk, multiple logistic regression analysis was performed after adjusting for gender, age, smoking history, and drinking history.

Results

The proportion of the G/A plus A/A genotype was significantly higher in patients with DM than in controls (52.8% vs 48.2%, P=0.033). DM patients with G/A genotype had lower LDL-C (P<0.017) than those with G/G genotype. The results of logistic regression analysis indicated that the G/A genotype increased the risk of DM in HTN patients, with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.209 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.010–1.446) (P=0.038), whereas the G/A plus A/A genotype in the dominant model increased the risk of DM significantly, with an adjusted OR of 1.203 (95% CI 1.013–1.428) (P=0.035).

Conclusion

ALDH2 A allele (G/A + A/A genotype) increased the risk of DM in patients with HTN.

Keywords:

• aldehyde dehydrogenase 2
• gene polymorphism
• hypertension
• diabetes mellitus

Abbreviations

ALDH2, Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2; HTN, hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus; HCY, homocysteine; TG, triglycerides; TC, total cholesterol; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; Apo-A1, apolipoprotein A1; Apo-B, apolipoprotein B.

Data Sharing Statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Ethics Approval

As this study was a retrospective study, it was not possible for all participants to return to the hospital to sign informed consent. All participants were informed on the study procedures and goals and the informed consent from all the participants was obtained in verbal form through the telephone communication, which approved by the Ethics Committee of the Meizhou People’s Hospital. The study was performed under the guidance of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee of Medicine, Meizhou People’s Hospital (Clearance No.: 2021-A-60).

Acknowledgments

The authors thank their colleagues, who were not listed in the authorship of the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Meizhou People’s Hospital, for their helpful comments on the manuscript.

Author Contributions

All authors made a significant contribution to the work reported, whether that is in the conception, study design, execution, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation, or in all these areas; took part in drafting, revising or critically reviewing the article; gave final approval of the version to be published; have agreed on the journal to which the article has been submitted; and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

Disclosure

The authors declare that they have no competing interests in this work.

Additional information

Funding

This study was supported by the Science and Technology Program of Meizhou (Grant No.: 2019B0202001).