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Abstract
Background
Optimal osseointegration has been recognized as a pivotal factor in determining the long-term success of biomedical implants.
Materials and methods
In the current study, highly carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) with carbonate contents of 8, 12 and 16 wt% and pure hydroxyapatite (HA) were fabricated via a novel hydrothermal method and deposited on the titanium substrates to generate corresponding CHA bioceramic coatings (designated as C8, C12 and C16, respectively) and HA bioceramic coatings (designated as C0).
Results
C8, C12 and C16 were endowed with nanoscale, hierarchical hybrid micro-/nanoscale and microscale surface topographies with rod-like superstructures, respectively. Compared with C0, the micro-/nanotextured CHA bioceramic coatings (C8, C12 and C16) possessed excellent surface bioactivity and biocompatibility, as well as better wettability, which mediated improved protein adsorption, giving rise to simultaneous enhancement of a biological cascade of events of rat bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells including cell adhesion, proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and, notably, the production of the pro-angiogenic growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor-A. In particular, C12 with biomimetic hierarchical hybrid micro-/nanorod topography exhibited superior fractal property and predominant performance of protein adsorption, cell adhesion, proliferation and osteogenesis concomitant with angiogenesis.
Conclusion
All these results suggest that the 12 wt% CHA bioceramic coating with synergistic modification of surface chemistry and topography has great prospect for future use as implant coating to achieve optimum osseointegration for orthopedic and dental applications.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No 81570948), Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (No 17140903400) and the Medicine and Engineering Cross Research Foundation of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (No YG2017ZD06). The authors thank Xinglong Hu and Shengbing Yang for technical assistance.
Author contributions
Eryi Lu made substantial contributions to the conception and design of the study and the drafting of the manuscript. Li Yu and Guohua Zhang contributed substantially to the conception and design of the study. Shuang Li contributed to data acquisition and analysis and drafting of the manuscript. Weijun Yu contributed to data acquisition, analysis and interpretation for the study. Weiqi Zhang contributed to data acquisition and analysis of the study. All the authors contributed to the critical revision for important intellectual content of the study and approved the final version to be published. All the authors have agreed to be accountable for the accuracy and integrity of the study.
Disclosure
The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.