Antitumor effect of gemcitabine-loaded albumin nanoparticle on gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer induced by low hENT1 expression

Abstract

Purpose

Gemcitabine is currently the standard first-line chemotherapeutic drug for treating pancreatic cancer. However, many factors can contribute to gemcitabine resistance. One of the most important reasons is the low hENT1 expression. In this study, we tested the antitumor effect of gemcitabine-loaded human serum albumin nanoparticle (GEM-HSA-NP) on gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer induced by low hENT1 expression.

Materials and methods

S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine was utilized to inhibit the activity of hENT1 and simulate low hENT1 expression. Growth inhibition assays and cell cycle and apoptosis analyses were performed on human pancreatic cancer cell lines such as BxPC-3 and SW1990. The in vivo antitumor effect was studied by using patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. The in vivo toxicity assessment was performed on healthy Kunming mice.

Results

In in vitro studies, GEM-HSA-NP showed its ability to inhibit cell proliferation, arrest cell cycle and induce apoptosis when tumor cells were resistant to gemcitabine. In in vivo studies, GEM-HSA-NP was more effective than gemcitabine on inhibiting tumor growth whether the expression levels of hENT1 were high or low in PDX models. The in vivo toxicity assessment showed that the biotoxicity of GEM-HSA-NP did not increase compared with gemcitabine.

Conclusion

GEM-HSA-NP can overcome gemcitabine resistance induced by low hENT1 expression, which suggests its potential role for the clinical application.

Keywords:

• pancreatic cancer
• gemcitabine resistance
• albumin nanoparticles
• low hENT1 expression
• PDX model

Supplementary materials

Table S1 The proportion of each phase of cell cycle in BxPC-3 and SW1990 cell lines

Table S2 The apoptosis rate of each group in BxPC-3 and SW1990 cell lines

Acknowledgments

This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no 81772566).

Author contributions

All authors contributed toward data analysis, drafting and critically revising the paper and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

Disclosure

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.