Preparation and biological characterization of the mixture of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/chitosan/Ag nanoparticles for periodontal tissue engineering

Abstract

Objective

This study aims to produce nanoparticles of chitosan (CS), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), and silver and investigate the optimal composite ratio of these three materials for periodontal tissue regeneration.

Methods

PLGA nanoparticles (nPLGA), CS nanoparticles (nCS), and silver nanoparticles (nAg) were prepared. The antibacterial properties of single nanoparticles and their effects on the proliferation and mineralization of periodontal membrane cells were investigated. Different ratios of nPLGA and nCS were combined, the proliferation and mineralization of periodontal membrane cells were investigated, and based on the results, the optimal ratio was determined. Finally, nPLGA and nCS in optimal ratio were combined with nAg, and the effects of the complex of these three materials on the proliferation and mineralization of periodontal membrane cells were investigated and tested in animals.

Results

The single nanoparticles were found to have no cytotoxicity and were able to promote cell mineralization. nCS and nAg in low concentrations showed antibacterial activity; however, nAg inhibited cell proliferation. The nPLGA and nCS complex in 3:7 ratio contributed to cell mineralization and had no cytotoxicity. nPLGA/nCS/nAg complex, which had the optimal proportion of the three materials, showed no cytotoxicity and contributed to cell mineralization.

Conclusion

nPLGA/nCS/nAg complex had no cytotoxicity and contributed to cell mineralization. The 3:7 ratio of nPLGA/nCS and 50 µg/mL nAg were found as the optimal proportion of the three materials.

Keywords:

• nanoparticles
• bone regeneration
• periodontitis

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by a grant from Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province (2014A020211017) and Science and Technology Planning Project of Xiamen (3502Z20174085).

Author contributions

Yanxiang Xue and Zhanchao Ye are co- first authors. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Yanxiang Xue contributed to conception and design of the study. Xiaofang Hong contributed to data acquisition. Zhanchao Ye contributed to data analysis. Renze Shen contributed to data interpretation. Jie Gao contributed to drafting and critical revision of the article, final approval of the version to be published, and agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work. All authors contributed to data analysis, drafting or revising the article, gave final approval of the version to be published, and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work

Disclosure

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.