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Abstract
Background
Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) have a high incidence of recurrence after total joint replacement and are difficult to treat by debridement or antibiotic treatment. Curcumin is a natural product with anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties. The low bioactivity of curcumin in water restricts its clinical application. Curcumin nanoparticles (CURN) were developed to overcome this limitation.
Methods
In this study, the therapeutic effects of CURN and their anti-inflammatory functions were investigated in a Staphylococcus aureus biofilm-induced PJIs model.
Results
CURN first attenuated the biofilm-induced expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and then regulated M1- and M2-phenotypic MDSC expression. Down-regulation of cytokines and reactive oxygen species was considered as the mechanism of CURN in reversing the suppression of T cell proliferation. The recovery of bone permeative destruction demonstrated that CURN enhanced therapeutic potency of vancomycin in vivo.
Conclusion
This is the first study to demonstrate that CURN may be useful for treating PJIs.
Supplementary material
Figure S1 The supplementary data demonstrated that the autoclaving method for biofilm is the optimal method in our system.
Notes: S. aureus and its biofilm were collected by centrifugation at 3,900× g for 15 minutes, and then the pellet was sterilized by autoclaving or pre-treatment with vancomycin or UV for 12 hours (from lane 1 to lane 3) before adding to BMC culture. Both pre-treatment with vancomycin (lane 2) and UV for 12 hours (lane 3) failed to reduce the S. aureus growth rate. If the collected pellet was not autoclaved, the growth of S. aureus was rapid and resulted in the death of BMCs within 48 hours.
Abbreviations: BMCs, bone marrow cells; S. aureus, Staphylococcus aureus.
Acknowledgments
We thank Feng-Lin Yen (Kaohsiung Medical University) for providing curcumin-loaded PVP nanoparticles for this study. This work was supported by the Chang Gung Medical Research Program Foundation (grant numbers CMRPG6F0341, CMRPG6F0342, CMRPG6G0231, and CMRPG6H0401 from the Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan), and the Ministry of Science and Technology (ROC) (grant numbers NMRPG6G6011 and NMRPG6G6012).
Disclosure
The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.