Effect of mussel adhesive protein coating on osteogenesis in vitro and osteointegration in vivo to alkali-treated titanium with nanonetwork structures

Abstract

Purpose:

On the basis of reasonable superposition of various surface treatment methods, alkali-treated titanium with nanonetwork structures (TNS) was coated with mussel adhesive protein (MAP) and named TNS-MAP. The aims were to optimize the biological properties of TNS, endue it with new properties, and enhance its utility in clinical dental applications.

Methods:

TNS disks were coated with MAP and the product surface was characterized. Its osteogenic properties were determined by evaluating its effects on cell adhesion, cell proliferation, the expression of osteogenesis-related genes, and in vivo experiments.

Results:

The treated materials showed excellent hydrophilicity, good surface roughness, and advantages of both TNS and MAP. TNS-MAP significantly promoted initial cell attachment especially after 15 mins and 30 mins. At every time point, cell adhesion and proliferation, the detection rate of osteogenesis-related markers in the extracellular matrix, and the expression of osteogenesis-related genes were markedly superior on TNS-MAP than the control. The in vivo experiments revealed that TNS-MAP promoted new bone growth around the implants and the bone–implant interface.

Conclusion:

We verified through in vitro and in vivo experiments that we successfully created an effective TNS-MAP composite implant with excellent biocompatibility and advantages of both its TNS and MAP parent materials. Therefore, the new biocomposite implant material TNS-MAP may potentially serve in practical dentistry and orthopedics.

Keywords:

• biocomposite
• bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell
• extracellular matrix
• nanopore
• polydopamine

Acknowledgments

As proud members of the Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Occlusion, we thank our colleagues for their assistance and advice during this research. We also thank Messrs. H. Hori and N. Kawade from the Central Institute of Dental Research of Osaka Dental University for their kind help with the experimental techniques. This study was supported by a grant from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Nos. 17H07261 and 18K09712) and Osaka Dental University Research Funds (19-10).

Disclosure

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.