In vivo migration of dendritic cells labeled with synthetic superparamagnetic iron oxide

Abstract

Background

Successful treatment of cancer with dendritic cell tumor vaccine is highly dependent on how effectively the vaccine migrates into lymph nodes and activates T cells. In this study, a simple method was developed to trace migration of dendritic cells to lymph nodes.

Methods

Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) of γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles were prepared to label dendritic cells generated from bone marrow of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) transgenic mice, to explore the fluorescence intensity of EGFP influenced by the SPIO, and to make images of labeled dendritic cells with the help of magnetic resonance imaging in vitro. The SPIO-EGFP-labeled dendritic cells were injected into the footpads of five mice. After 48 hours, magnetic resonance imaging, optical imaging, confocal imaging, and Prussian blue staining were used to confirm migration of the SPIO-EGFP-labeled dendritic cells into draining lymph nodes.

Results

The synthetic SPIO nanoparticles had a spherical shape and desirable superparamagnetism, and confocal imaging and Prussian blue staining showed perfect labeling efficiency as well. Furthermore, the dendritic cells dual-labeled by SPIO and EGFP could migrate into lymph nodes after footpad injection, and could be detected by both magnetic resonance imaging and optical imaging simultaneously, which was further confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Prussian blue staining. The percentage of dendritic cells migrated to the draining lymph nodes was about 4%.

Conclusion

Synthetic SPIO nanoparticles are strong contrast agents with good biocompatibility, and EGFP transgenic dendritic cells can be labeled efficiently by SPIO, which are suitable for further study of the migratory behavior and biodistribution of dendritic cells in vivo.

Keywords:

• magnetic resonance imaging
• optical imaging
• dendritic cell
• superparamagnetic iron oxide
• cell tracking

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful for grants from the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (No 30870679, 81072213), the National Important Science Research Program of China (No 2011CB933503), the Research Project of the Jiangsu Department of Health (No H200944), and the Nanjing Medical Development Foundation (No ZKX10031).

Disclosure

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.