https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9076-3268
Abstract
Background
Stillbirth is one of the adverse outcomes of pregnancy, and it is among the major public health problems in developing countries including Ethiopia. Stillbirth has wide-reaching consequences for parents, care providers, community and society at large.
Purpose
To assess the determinant of stillbirth among deliveries attended in Bale zone hospitals Southeast Ethiopia.
Methods
An institution-based unmatched case–control study was conducted. Cases were deliveries whose birth outcome was stillbirth and controls were deliveries with live birth. A pretested and structured checklist was used to collect data from a sample of 402 (134 cases and 268 controls). Systematic random sampling was used to recruit samples from a list of charts in the delivery registration book. Data were entered into EpiData version 4.2 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Crude and adjusted odds ratio with 95%CI was calculated and P-value <0.05 was used to declare statistical significance.
Results
A total of 402 charts of mothers (134 cases and 268 controls) were included in the analysis. Preceding birth interval <24 months (AOR: 2.991; 95%CI: 1.351–6.621), antenatal visit started at third trimester (AOR: 2.739; 95%CI: 1.048–7.158), referred from other health facility (AOR: 3.215; 95%CI: 1.430–7.229), labor length ≥24 h (AOR: 3.169; 95%CI: 1.241–8.091), presence of meconium stained amniotic fluid (AOR: 2.670; 95%CI: 1.082–6.592) and giving birth to a baby <2500 g (AOR: 3.155; 95%CI: 1.235–8.07) were determinants of stillbirth.
Conclusion
Preceding birth interval of <24 months, antenatal visit started at third trimester, referred from other health facility, presence of meconium stained amniotic fluid, labor length ≤24 h and giving birth to a baby <2500 g were found the determinants of stillbirth. Intrapartum care, early identification of labor complications and referral system are required.
Keywords:
Abbreviations
ANC, antenatal care; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; APH, antepartum hemorrhage; CBC, complete blood cell count; COR, crude odds ratio; CSA, central statistical agency; EDHS, Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey; EmONC; emergency obstetric and neonatal care; GA, gestation age; HDP, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy; IFA, iron folic acid; IUFD, intrauterine fetal death; MCH, maternal and child health; PROM, prelabor rupture of membrane; STIs, sexually transmitted infections; TT, tetanus toxoid.
Data Sharing Statement
The data for this study is available with the authors and can be accessed based on the request from the concerned body.
Consent for Publication
All the information used for this study was collected with the consent of participants of the study. And all the authors have read the manuscript and have consented to publish it in this journal.
Acknowledgment
First of all we would also like to extend our thanks to Bale zone health office, Goba Referral Hospital, Robe General Hospital, Ginnir General Hospital, Dalomena General Hospital and Madda Walabu Primary Hospital for their cooperation and for providing relevant information. We would also like to thank all the staff and lecturers of the Madda Walabu University, Goba Referral Hospital, particularly, the Department of Public Health for their incredible support during the study.
Author Contributions
All authors made a significant contribution to the work reported, whether that is in the conception, study design, execution, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation, or in all these areas; took part in drafting, revising or critically reviewing the article; gave final approval of the version to be published; have agreed on the journal to which the article has been submitted; and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.
Disclosure
The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.