Anti-IgE for the Treatment of Chronic Urticaria

Abstract

Urticaria and angioedema are very common. Management of chronic urticaria subtypes, which usually persist for many years, is challenging. Recent years have demonstrated that targeting IgE with antibodies provides a safe and efficient treatment approach. Whilst several anti-IgE antibodies have been developed, omalizumab is currently the only one approved for use. International and national guidelines recommend its use after failure of antihistamines at standard and increased dose. Whilst not yet approved, many new anti-IgE approaches are currently being investigated in pre-clinical studies or clinical trials. This non-systematic focused review summarizes current knowledge of omalizumab and other anti-IgE biologics in chronic urticaria using data extracted from PubMed, Google Scholar and clinical trial databases, clinicaltrials.gov and clinicaltrials.eu. For adults, there is good evidence from randomized clinical trials and real-world data that symptomatic treatment with omalizumab is efficacious and safe in chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), whereas evidence in chronic inducible urticaria (CINDU) and special populations is limited. Easy-to-use tools to identify non-responders and predict the required duration of treatment have not been established yet. Phase 2 b results of ligelizumab have not only demonstrated efficacy and safety but also superiority to omalizumab. Indeed, there is preliminary evidence that omalizumab non- or partial responders benefit from ligelizumab. Whereas further development of quilizumab was discontinued, other approaches, eg UB-221 or DARPins are under investigation. Anti-IgE treatment with omalizumab represents a landmark in the treatment of chronic urticaria, with and without angioedema, and there is light on the horizon suggesting success may come with various next-generation anti-IgE approaches.

Keywords:

• anti-IgE therapy
• ligelizumab
• monoclonal antibody
• omalizumab
• quilizumab
• UB-221
• urticaria

Acknowledgments

Figures were created with BioRender.com. Thomas Macleod (University of Leeds) is gratefully acknowledged for proofreading this manuscript.

Disclosure

During the last 3 years, Bettina Wedi has received honorary for educational lectures/advisory boards from ALK-Abelló, Dr. Pfleger, HAL Allergy Novartis, Shire/Takeda, and was the recipient of a research grant from Shire/Takeda. Bettina Wedi had and has a role as Lead or Principle Investigator in clinical trials of Novartis regarding Omalizumab and Ligelizumab. Stephan Traidl has nothing to declare. The authors report no other conflicts of interest in this work.