Role of Chemokines and Inflammatory Cells in Respiratory Allergy

Abstract

The idea of “one airway, one disease” has been gaining importance in the last decade. In the upper and lower airways, allergic mechanisms interact with each other. In the initial stage of respiratory allergic inflammation, allergens contact the respiratory epithelium, which produces chemokines and inflammatory factors, which cause allergic reactions by binding to the corresponding receptors and chemotactic various inflammatory cells to reach the epithelium and tissues. It also drives inflammatory cells to activate and produce more inflammatory factors, thus producing a cascade amplification effect. Inflammatory cell aggregation and activation are very complex and interact with each other in a lattice structure. By blocking the action of various chemokines, inflammatory cell aggregation is reduced, and ultimately the symptoms of respiratory allergy are alleviated. Chemokines can serve as cues for coordinated recruitment of immune cells into and out of tissues, as well as directing the spatial organization of immune cells within tissues and cellular interactions. Chemokines are critical in directing immune cell migration and thus have an important role in the direction of respiratory allergy: however, chemokines are also involved in the production and recruitment of immune cells that contribute to respiratory allergy. In this article, linking the upper and lower respiratory tracts. We review the role of the chemokine system in the respiratory immune response and discuss how respiratory disease modulates overall chemokines to shape the type and outcome of the immune response to the treatment of respiratory allergic disease so that we can further deepen our knowledge of chemokines in the direction of respiratory allergy. In the future, we can do drug research and development based on this network structure and explore new research directions.

Keywords:

• respiratory allergy
• allergic rhinitis
• allergic asthma
• chemokines

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

Disclosure

Mr Youwei Bao reports grants, personal fees, and non-financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (82060186) and Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (20202BABL206064), during the conduct of the study. Prof. Dr. Xinhua Zhu reports grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China (82060186), during the conduct of the study; grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China (82060186) and Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province, outside the submitted work. The authors report no other conflicts of interest in this work.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by grants National Natural Science Foundation of China (82060186); Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (20202BABL206064).