Phenotype, Allele and Genotype Frequency of ABO and Rhesus D Blood Groups of Blood Donors at the North Gondar District Blood Bank, Northwest Ethiopia

Abstract

Background

Knowledge of the ABO and RhD group distribution is essential for blood banks inventory and assuring quality blood transfusion services. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of ABO and RhD phenotype, allele, and genotype among blood donors at North Gondar District Blood Bank from 2010 to 2012, Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods

The data of the current study were obtained from registration logbooks of blood donors registered. The ABO and RhD grouping was done by using commercially available monoclonal antibodies (anti-A, anti-B and anti-D) by slide methods. Results with no agglutination by anti-D antibody were confirmed using anti-human globulin test. Descriptive statistics were analyzed using SPSS version 20. The allele and genotype frequency of the donors was determined by Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium assumption. The difference between the observed and expected frequency was tested by online Chi-square calculator. P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Among 6471 blood donors, 82.1%, 94.1% and 55.4% were males, replacement donors and in the age group of 21–30 years, respectively. Blood group O (47.04%) and blood group AB (4.81%) were the dominant and least common, respectively. The distribution of the RhD negative blood group was 5.76%. The distribution of A, B and O alleles was 0.1714, 0.1433 and 0.6859, respectively. Moreover, the genotype frequency of AA, AO, BB, BO, AB and OO was 0.0294, 0.2350, 0.0205, 0.1966, 0.0491 and 0.4704, respectively. The genotype frequency of DD, Dd and dd was 0.5774, 0.3649 and 0.0576, respectively. The result showed that there was no statistically significant difference between observed and expected allele and genotype frequency (P-value >0.05).

Conclusion

Blood group O and AB were the most and least prevalent, respectively. The allele and genotype frequency of the population was fulfilled the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium assumption. This finding might be useful for blood transfusion services.

Keywords:

• ABO blood group
• blood donor
• Ethiopia
• RhD

Data Sharing Statement

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author and can access on reasonable request.

Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate

This study was conducted per the Declaration of Helsinki. The study was conducted after obtaining ethical clearance from the Ethical review board of the School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar. Permission was also obtained from the University of Gondar Hospital Laboratory head before the data collection. The data was accessed and complied with relevant data protection and privacy regulations by using anonymous. However, since the study was a retrospective review of blood donors’ records, informed consent from the study participants was not sought.

Acknowledgment

The authors like to acknowledge the School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar and University of Gondar Hospital Laboratory head.

Author Contributions

All authors made a significant contribution to the work reported, whether that is in the conception, study design, execution, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation, or in all these areas; took part in drafting, revising, or critically reviewing the article; gave final approval of the version to be published; have agreed on the journal to which the article has been submitted; and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

Disclosure

The authors declare that there have no conflicts of interest.

Additional information

Funding

There was no funding source for this study.