https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9512-4369
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Abstract
Background
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is coronavirus isolated from SARS patients. As far as the researchers’ knowledge, there was paucity of studies conducted in Ethiopia, particularly in the study area. As immune protection is arisen from our blood cells, assessing their level will provide a clue for controlling the disease and monitoring the prognosis. This study will also provide additional information for clinical intervention and patient management.
Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the hematological profile and clinical outcome of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) among patients admitted to the Debre Markos Isolation and Treatment Center (DMITC).
Material and Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted among 136 COVID-19 adult patients at DMITC from January 1, 2020 to March 30, 2021. Data related to clinical, hematological profiles and socio-demographic factors were collected, entered into Epi data, and analyzed using STATA 14.2 software. Multivariable logistic regression was applied to determine the predictor variable and a p-value <0.05 was considered significant.
Results
Of 136 COVID-19 patients, 28.68% had died. The mean age of patients was 47.21±1.29 years. The hematological profile of the patients revealed that 28% had abnormal leukocyte, 23% abnormal lymphocyte, 44.85% abnormal granulocyte, 22.06% abnormal monocyte, 30.15% abnormal RBC and 87% abnormal platelet counts. The prevalence of anemia was 13.24%.
Conclusion
Leukocytosis (mainly granulocytosis and monocytosis) and lymphopenia, were the predominant abnormal findings of complete blood cell count (CBC) analysis of the patient’s blood. Most of the patients had abnormally low platelet counts. RBC count and hematocrit determination were the only significant predictors of death. The clinician could manage cases according to the hematological findings of the patients. Further experimental studies should be conducted to determine hematological parameter changes and the clinical outcome of the disease.
Abbreviations
aPTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; CBC, complete blood count; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 19; INR, international normalized ratio; MCHC, mean cell hemoglobin concentration; MCV, mean cell volume; MCH, mean cell hemoglobin; PT, prothrombin time, RBC, red blood cell; RDW, red cell distribution width; SARS-COV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome; WBC, white blood cell.
Data Sharing Statement
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Ethics Approval and Informed Consent
The study complies with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from Debre Markos University Health Science College Institutional Research Ethics Review Committee (IRERC) with reference number HSC/R/C/Ser/Co/202/11/13. Then, an informed written consent was obtained from each participant after explaining aim of the study. The study participants were briefed on the study’s purpose, procedures, potential risks, and benefits. In addition, they were told that they had the right to withdraw from the study which would not endanger their access to treatment.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank data collectors and study participants involved in this research, and all individuals for their cooperation in this study. In addition, we thank Debre Markos University for financial support of the research project.
Author Contributions
All authors made a significant contribution to the work reported, whether that is in the conception, study design, execution, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation, or in all these areas; took part in drafting, revising or critically reviewing the article; gave final approval of the version to be published; have agreed on the journal to which the article has been submitted; and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.
Disclosure
The authors declared that there are no competing interests.