Dyslipidemia and Its Associated Factors Among Helicobacter pylori-Infected Patients Attending at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, North-West Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background

Dyslipidemia refers to a lipid profile disturbance due to decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and total cholesterol. Helicobacter pylori infection can lead to some appetite-related disorders that may cause deregulated absorption of nutrients in the digestive system, contributing to changes in serum lipids. The purpose of this study is to assess dyslipidemia and its associated factors among H. pylori-infected patients attending at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital.

Methods

A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 231 H. pylori-positive and control groups, which were included by the convenience sampling technique from March to May 2021 at University of Gondar Specialized Hospital. Sociodemographic and behavioral characteristic data were collected using a pretested questionnaire, and 5mL of venous blood were used to determine the lipid profiles using DxC 700 AU chemistry analyzer. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Mann–Whitney U-test and multivariable logistic regression were applied, and P-value <0.05 is considered statistically significant.

Results

The magnitude of dyslipidemia among H. pylori-infected patients was 71.8% (95% CI: 62.7–79.7). There was a statistically significant difference in lipid profiles between H. pylori-infected patients and control groups. The median (IQR) of lipid profiles in H. pylori-infected patients and control groups were for low-density lipoprotein: 108 (89.8, 145.5) vs 95 (79.45, 115.8, P<0.001), for triglycerides: 93 (65,117) vs 83 (58.5, 102, P=0.031), and cholesterol: 143 (119.5, 169,) vs 125 (110,143, P<0.001) mg/dl, respectively. Helicobacter pylori infection, alcohol drinking, unable to read and write, primary school, and secondary school were a significant associated variables with dyslipidemia (P<0.05).

Conclusion

There was a median lipid profile statistically significant difference between H. pylori-positive and control groups. Helicobacter pylori infection, educational status, and alcohol drinking habit had statistically significant association with dyslipidemia.

Keywords:

• associated factors
• dyslipidemia
• H. pylori

Abbreviations

AOR, adjusted odds ratio; BP, blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; CVDs, cardio vascular diseases; CAD, coronary artery disease; COR, crude odds ratio; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; H. pylori, Helicobacter pylori; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; IL, interleukin; IQR, interquartile range; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NCDs, non-communicable diseases; SST, serum separator tube; SOPs, standard operating procedures; SPSS, Statistical Package for Social Science; TGs, triglycerides; TC, total cholesterol; WHO, World Health Organization.

Data Sharing Statement

All the primary data are available and if anyone has a reasonable interest to find the data, they can contact the corresponding author.

Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate

This study was done based on the declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the Research and Ethical Committee of the School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, the University of Gondar with the reference number of SBLS 2762 on March 08, 2021. Data collectors explained the purpose, confidentiality, and discomfort related to the study to each participant and obtained a fully informed written consent. The privacy of information was kept up during and after an interview in which coding was utilized for all the information collected and those who had lipid abnormalities were advised to visit the UGCSH Medical OPD for further diagnosis and treatment.

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank study participants, University of Gondar, and data collectors for their cooperation and financial, material, and reagent support.

Disclosure

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest in relation to this work.

Additional information

Funding

The data collection and laboratory diagnosis were funded by University of Gondar.