Health Workers’ Perspective on Patient Safety Incident Disclosure in Indonesian Hospitals: A Mixed-Methods Study

Abstract

Purpose

This study examined how health staff in Indonesian hospitals perceived open disclosure of patient safety incidents (PSIs).

Patients and Methods

This study employed a mixed method explanatory sequential approach. We surveyed 262 health workers and interviewed 12 health workers. Descriptive statistical (frequency distributions and summary measures) analysis was performed to assess the distributions of variables using SPSS. We used thematic analysis for the qualitative data analysis.

Results

We discovered a good level of open disclosure practice, open disclosure system, attitude toward open disclosure and process, open disclosure according to the level of harm resulting from PSIs in the quantitative phase. The qualitative phase revealed that most participants were confused about the difference between incident reporting and incident disclosure. Furthermore, the quantitative and qualitative analyses revealed that major errors or adverse events should be disclosed. The contradictory findings may be due to a lack of awareness of incident disclosure. The important factors in disclosing the incident are effective communication, type of incident, and patient and family characteristics.

Conclusion

Open disclosure is novel for Indonesian health professionals. A good open disclosure system in hospitals could address several issues such as lack of knowledge, lack of policy support, lack of training, and lack of policy. To limit the negative implications of disclosing situations, the government should develop supportive policies at the national level and organize many initiatives at the hospital level.

Keywords:

• open disclosure
• patient safety incident
• health worker
• patient safety

Ethics and Consent Statement

The Committee of the Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, granted the Ethical Approval with the ID number 2598-KEPK. Before taking part in the study, participants provided informed consent included publication of anonymized responses.

Acknowledgments

We thank Universitas Airlangga for providing funding under SATU Joint Research Scheme No 1236/UN3.15/PT/2022.

Disclosure

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.