Potential role of coenzyme Q₁₀ in health and disease conditions

Abstract:

Coenzyme Q₁₀ (CoQ₁₀), an endogenously produced compound, is found in all human cells. Within the mitochondria, it plays a substantial role in energy production by acting as a mobile electron carrier in the electron transport chain. Outside the mitochondria, it acts as an excellent antioxidant by sequestering free radicals and working synergistically with other antioxidants, including vitamin E. Dietary contribution is limited, making endogenous production the primary source for optimal function. Now widely available as an over-the-counter supplement, CoQ₁₀ has gained attention for its possible therapeutic use in minimizing the outcomes of certain metabolic diseases, notably cardiovascular disease, diabetes, neurodegenerative disease, and cancer. Research has shown positive results in subjects supplemented with CoQ₁₀, especially in relation to upregulating antioxidant capability. Emerging research suggests beneficial effects of CoQ₁₀ supplementation in individuals on statin medications. CoQ₁₀ supplementation in individuals participating in strenuous exercise seems to exert some beneficial effects, although the data are conflicting with other types of physical activity. This broad review of current CoQ₁₀ literature, while outlining its physiological/functional significance in health and disease conditions, also offers a dietitian’s perspective on its potential use as a supplement in the promotion of health and management of disease conditions.

Keywords::

• coenzyme Q
• antioxidant
• oxidative stress
• dietary supplement
• statin

Acknowledgments

Research support from the National Institute of Food and Agriculture of the US Department of Agriculture is acknowledged (ALA043-1-14033).

Disclosure

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.