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Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) could be impaired in the non-psychotic first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia. This meta-analysis systematically examined the PM of non-psychotic first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia. Both Chinese and English databases were systematically searched for articles from the inception of the databases through November 13, 2018. Case-control studies of PM in non-psychotic first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia were included in the analyses. Confidence intervals (CIs) and standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated utilizing the random effects model. Four studies (n=268) that compared PM performance between non-psychotic first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia (n=136) and healthy controls (n=132) were included. Three studies were rated as “high quality”, while the quality of evidence of the three outcomes included in this meta-analysis was moderate. Compared with the healthy controls, the non-psychotic first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia showed impairments in overall PM (two studies, n=127; SMD: −0.46; 95% CI=−0.82, −0.11, P=0.01; I=0%), event-based PM (EBPM) (four studies, n=268; SMD: −0.56; 95% CI=−0.80, −0.31, P<0.00001; I=0%), and time-based PM (TBPM) (four studies, n=268; SMD: −0.66; 95% CI=−0.90, −0.41, P<0.00001; I=0%). This meta-analysis demonstrated that the overall PM, EBPM, and TBPM might be impaired in the non-psychotic first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81630031), Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project (Z171100000117016), and The Capital Foundation of Medicine Research and Development (2016-1-4111).
Disclosure
Dr Shi-Ze Lin reports grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project, and The Capital Foundation of Medicine Research and Development during the conduct of the study; grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project, and The Capital Foundation of Medicine Research and Development outside the submitted work. Dr Yan-Kun Wu reports grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project, and The Capital Foundation of Medicine Research and Development during the conduct of the study; grants from The Capital Foundation of Medicine Research and Development, Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China, outside the submitted work. The authors report no other conflicts of interest in this work.