Prevalence and Predictors of Contraceptive Use Among Women of Premenopausal Period in Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Data Analysis

Abstract

Background

Contraceptive use is internationally endorsed as a human right and an indicator of the highest standard of sexual and reproductive health life. But reports from countries including Ethiopia showed a lower and capricious rate due to wider factors. Thus, the current study aimed to determine the prevalence and the predictors of contraceptive use among women of the premenopausal period.

Methods

A retrospective cross-sectional data analysis was performed from Ethiopian Demographic and Health survey 2019 in January 2021. A total of 3260 premenopausal women were included by stratified sampling, and data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 software. Data were initially analyzed descriptively, and tests were done for variable multicollinearity, and model goodness of fit and predictive capacity. Subsequently, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed successively for the crude and adjusted odds ratio, and finally declared variables with a p-value of <0.05 as predictors of contraceptive use.

Results

The study included 3260 women with an average age of 41.66 (standard deviation ±3.9) years. The overall prevalence of contraceptive use was reported 17% and explained to vary by women’s age, place of residence, education level, wealth index, and current working statuses. However, only the age, education, and wealth index of women have predicted a statistical significance with contraceptive use. Accordingly, an increase in women’s age was found to increase contraceptive use more likely by 89% [AOR=0.89 (95% CI: 0.87, 0.92)]. Similarly, primary [AOR = 1.53, (95% CI: 1.20, 195)], secondary [AOR = 2.57, (95% CI: 1.70)] or higher [AOR = 2.64, (95% CI: 1.67, 4.20)] level educated women were about twice more likely to use contraceptive methods than uneducated women. Finally, women in poorer [AOR = 3.11 (95% CI: 2.17, 4.46)], middle [AOR = 3.03 (95% CI: 2.09, 4, 37)], rich [AOR = 3.70, (95% CI: 2.58, 5.31)] or richest [AOR = 3.42, (95% CI: 2.39, 4, 88)] wealth index were more than 3 times more likely use contraceptive methods when compared to women of the poorest wealth index.

Conclusion

The prevalence of contraceptive use among premenopausal women in Ethiopia is low and utmost related to age, education level, and wealth index of women.

Keywords:

• contraceptive
• predictors
• premenopausal
• prevalence
• women

Abbreviations

AOR, adjusted odd ratio; CI, confidence interval; DHS, Demographic Health Survey; WHO, World Health Organization.

Data Sharing Statement

Data for this study were sourced from Demographic and Health surveys (DHS) and are available publicly.

Ethical Issues

The procedure for the 2019 EDHS was approved by the Institutional Review Board and the National Review Committee at the Ministry of Science and Technology. The authors obtained permission from the EDS program to download and analyze the data for the current paper.

Acknowledgments

The authors thank the MEASURE DHS project for their support and for free access to the original data.

Author Contributions

All authors (AK, DG, GB, HU, KH, SK, SD and GD) contributed to conceptualization, the study design, literature review, data analysis and drafted the first version of this paper. They have critically reviewed the manuscript for its intellectual content and agreed accountable for integrity of the work. Finally, all authors read and approved the final version for publication, and delegated DG as a contact author for submission and further communication.

Disclosure

The authors declare that there are no competing interests in this work.