Lifespan and Associated Factors of Peripheral Intravenous Cannula Among Hospitalized Children in Public Hospitals of the Gurage Zone, Ethiopia, 2021

Abstract

Background

Peripheral intravenous cannulas are routinely used in hospital-admitted children requiring intravenous therapy. The majority of peripheral IVC lines are removed before completion of therapy due to cannula complications in children. Peripheral intravenous cannula securing is a painful procedure for children, so recognizing the variables associated with the peripheral intravenous cannula lifespan would help decrease the complications and increase the duration of cannula patency.

Objective

The main aim of this study was to determine the lifespan and associated factors of peripheral intravenous cannula among hospitalized children in Gurage zone public hospitals, Ethiopia, 2021.

Methods

We conducted an institution-based cross-sectional study design among 422 admitted children in public hospitals of the Gurage zone using a systematic random sampling technique. We collected data from interviews of parents using structured questionnaires and direct observations using checklists. The data was coded and entered into EPI-DATA version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable analysis was used by using a binary logistic regression model. Finally, the variables with a p-value of <0.05 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) from the multivariable analysis were considered statistically significant.

Results

One hundred and sixty-six children (41.4%) had a short cannula lifespan (below 30 h). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) [AOR = 4.975; 95% CI (2.811–8.805)], reason for removal (complication) [AOR = 3.277; 95% CI (1.924–5.583)], fluid [AOR = 2.285; 95% CI (1.274–4.100)], and blood transfusion [AOR = 2.407; 95% CI (1.005–5.572)] were the statistically significant variables associated with the lifespan of a peripheral intravenous cannula.

Conclusion and Recommendation

The proportion of the short lifespan of the peripheral intravenous cannula was higher in hospitalized children and health care providers better to use low concentration electrolytes, low osmotic pressure, and weak alkalinity fluid. The cannula access might be the responsibility of the health-trained staff, and conserving immediate removal upon the presence of a signal that indicates a complication.

Keywords:

• lifespan
• peripheral intravenous cannula
• associated factors
• hospitalized children

Abbreviations

AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; CMHC, College of Medicine and Health Sciences; COR, crude odds ratio; CSA, Central Statistical Agency; HR, hours; IV, intravenous; IVC, intravenous cannula; IVT, intravenous therapy; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit; PICU, pediatric intensive care unit; PIVC, peripheral intravenous cannula; PW, pediatrics ward; SNNP, south nation, nationality and people; SPSS, Statistical Product and Service Solution; WKUCSTH, Wolkite University Comprehensive Specialized Teaching Hospital.

Data Sharing Statement

The datasets used and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author under the permission of Wolkite University on reasonable request.

Ethic’s Approval and Consent to Participate

Wolkite University's Ethical Review Committee has approved this study and the verbal consent process. Upon this clearance, the managers of each public hospital in the Gurage zone took written permission. The responsible person in pediatric inpatient care talked about the purpose of the study, and the verbal consent to confirm willingness was taken from the participants. They notified that to have the right to refuse or terminate at any point of the interview and also the extracted information would not be used other than study purpose. This study was conducted per the declaration of Helsinki.

Consent for Publication

The study did not include images or videos relating to an individual, but rather obtaining consent from each participant and information to publish the findings addressed, and participants agreed on that.

Acknowledgments

We would like to express our deepest gratitude to Wolkite University for its holistic support. Secondly, we would like to express our profound gratitude to the Gurage zone public hospital health office administration and health care providers for their valuable support while collecting the data. Our thanks also go to all data collectors for carrying out their responsibilities effectively during the data collection and all study participants.

Author Contributions

All authors made a significant contribution to the work reported, whether that is in the conception, study design, execution, acquisition of data, analysis, and interpretation, or in all these areas; took part in drafting, revising or critically reviewing the article; gave final approval of the version to be published; have agreed on the journal to which the article has been submitted, and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

Disclosure

The authors declare no conflicts of interest in this work and that they have no financial or non-financial competing interests.

Additional information

Funding

There is no funding to report.