Abstract
This paper presents a practice-based conceptual (theoretical) model to address medication adherence. The study reviews literature for different rationales of medication adherence and its associated factors. It also reviews the interventions involved in improving medication adherence and its effect. It is known that many interventions applied have not received great success owing to the fact that they have not been employed in regular clinical practice. Furthermore, models or theories utilized for different interventions were based on patient perspective only. The model presented in the paper is based on health care professionals’ perspective, with an aim to be employed in clinical practice. The model framework is based on five premises on the basis of which the two dynamics, patient and health care professional, work. The model is presented with a graphical representation and exemplary procedural framework. It is also compared to other related procedural models. It is suggested that using such a model will allow medication adherence as an integral part of health care outcomes.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank Professor Doctor Nathaniel Rickles (Associate Professor of Pharmacy Practice); Doctor Anum Misbah (Clinical Psychologist), Doctor Kamran Hameed, and the faculty members of Ziauddin College of Pharmacy for providing guidance in the development of the model. The authors also thank Professor Tran Viet-Thi and Doctor Stéphanie Sidorkiewicz for allowing the use of their medication adherence tool for our experiment.
Author contributions
Muhammad Amir developed and conceptualized the model presented in this paper. The paper was written by Muhammad Amir and was reviewed by Zeeshan Feroz and Anwer Ejaz Beg. All authors contributed toward data analysis, drafting and critically revising the paper, gave final approval of the version to be published, and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.
Disclosure
The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.