https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4871-8789
Abstract
Background
Poor medication adherence in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) had a negative impact on disease outcomes. In this study, we aimed to determine predictors of low adherence in the Chinese IBD populations and also aimed to compare a self-reported scale to a pharmacy refill index in assessing adherence of 5-ASA and azathioprine taken by Chinese IBD patients.
Patients and Methods
Adult patients with IBD who had been taking 5-ASA or azathioprine for at least 3 months were recruited from hospital outpatient clinics. The MPR was calculated from previous six-month pharmacy refill data and the self-reported Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) was issued through QR code questionnaires. Intentional and unintentional adherence scores were calculated according to specific items. Non-adherence was defined as MMAS-8 scores <6 or MPR < 0.8.
Results
The response rate in the IBD patients was as high as 97%. 5-ASA non-adherence rate assessed by MPR was 30% and 37% by MMAS-8, and azathioprine non-adherence rate assessed was 33% by both MPR and MMAS-8. In a linear regression analysis, MPR value was significantly correlated with MMAS-8 score in 5-ASA group (r=0.4, p=0.003), and significantly correlated with unintentional adherence score (r=0.47, p<0.001). No significant correlation was observed between MPR value and MMAS-8 score in azathioprine group. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that age (OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.02–1.13; P=0.0015) and previous abdominal surgery (OR: 3.18; 95% CI: 2.09–4.27; P=0.04) were associated with high medication adherence. While patients who had small intestine lesion (OR: 0.09; 95% CI: 0.01–0.17; P=0.006) were associated with low adherence.
Conclusion
Predictors of low adherence were young age, lesions on small intestine, whereas previous abdominal surgery was a protective factor. This study also demonstrated that the MMAS-8 scale was a valid instrument for assessing 5-ASA adherence in IBD patients. Unintentional non-adherence was significantly related to the total non-adherence, which would allow to use the tool to seek ways for adherence improvement.
Highlights
● Poor medication adherence in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) had a negative impact on disease outcomes.
● Predictors of low adherence were young age, lesions on small intestine, whereas previous abdominal surgery was a protective factor.
● MMAS-8 scale was a valid instrument for assessing 5-ASA adherence in IBD patients.
Abbreviations
IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; CD, Crohn’s disease 16; UC, ulcerative colitis; MMAS, Morisky Medication Adherence Scale; MPR, Medication Possession Ratio; 5-ASA, 5-aminosalicylic acid; CCCF, The China Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation 17; HBI, Harvey- Bradshaw Index; P-SSCAI, Patient-based Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index.
Disclosure
The authors declare no conflicts of interest in this work.