Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate the sleep quality as well as the influence of social support on the sleep quality of elderly people in nursing homes in northeast China, and analyze the chain-mediating role of psychological adjustment and coping styles in social support and sleep quality, thereby to provide a scientific basis for the development of effective intervention measures in this direction.
Patients and Methods
This study was conducted during January–March 2023 and adopted a cluster sampling method to select 5 elderly care institutions from across the Jilin, Liaoning, and Heilongjiang provinces in Northeast China. A questionnaire survey was conducted using the Self-mate General Situation Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Nursing Home Adjustment Scale for the Elderly, Social Support Rating Scale, and Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire. Statistical analysis methods, including ANOVA, logistic multi-factor regression, and Pearson’s correlation were employed in SPSS 26.0, while Amos 26.0 was used to build a structural equation model to analyze the interaction path and the mediating role between the variables.
Results
The sleep quality of elderly individuals in elderly care institutions was relatively low 8.43(3.456). Social support of elderly individuals in elderly care institutions affected their sleep quality through i) both psychological adjustment and face-to-face coping style (B = 0.493, P < 0.001, 95% CI = 0.050–0.122) and ii) both psychological adjustment and avoidance coping style (B = −0.302, P < 0.001, 95% CI = −0.119 to −0.048). Psychological adjustment, confrontation coping, and avoidance coping played a mediating role in the sequential relationship between social support and the sleep quality of elderly individuals in elderly care institutions.
Conclusion
Psychological adjustment and coping styles have a chain-mediating effect between social support and sleep quality of the elderly in northeast China’s elderly care institutions.
Abbreviations
SGSQ, Self-made General Situation Questionnaire; PSQI, Pittsburgh sleep quality index; NHAS, The Nursing Home Adjustment Scale; SSRS, Social Support Revalued Scale; MCMQ, Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire; CFI, Comparative Fit Index; GFI, Goodness of Fit Index; AGFI, Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index; NFI, Normed Fit Index; RMSEA, Root Mean Square Error Approximation; CMB, Common Method Bias.
Data Sharing Statement
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.
Ethics Approval and Informed Consent
The present cross-sectional questionnaire survey study was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of DongShin University, Korea (No. 1040708-202212-SB-047) and has been performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in an appropriate version of the Declaration of Helsinki.
Acknowledgments
The authors want to thank the local team members at the 5 elderly care institutions enrolled in this study from across Jilin, Liaoning, and Heilongjiang provinces for their assistance in data collection. We thank Medjaden Inc. for its assistance in the preparation of this manuscript.
Author Contributions
All authors made a significant contribution to the work reported, whether that is in the conception, study design, execution, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation, or in all these areas; took part in drafting, revising or critically reviewing the article; gave final approval of the version to be published; have agreed on the journal to which the article has been submitted; and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.
Disclosure
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest in this work.